ИНСУЛТЪТ – НОВАТА ХУМАНИТАРНА КАТАСТРОФА: СМЯНА НА ПРИОРИТЕТИТЕ / STROKE - THE NEW HUMANITARIAN CATASTROPHE: SHIFTING PRIORITIES
Abstract
Резюме
Цел: Проучването обобщава и анализира най-нови данни за състоянието, мащабите и тенденциите в развитието на заболяването в глобален, Европейски и национален план като основа за ефективни здравни политики. На тази основа се аргументира значението на първичната превенция на инсулта и на информираността на всички етапи от развитието на заболяването. В по-конкретен план – извличат се характеристики за информираността на младите хора (в целевата група на студентите от немедицинските специалности), като хипотезата е, че са налице слаби познания за рисковите фактори и признаците за инсулт, които младите хора придобиват по случаен начин.
Материали и методи: За постигането на посочените цели се използват две групи методи: (1) Документално проучване и аналитичен преглед на най-нови обзорни публикации и данни, които очертават дългосрочни тенденции в разпространението и тежестта на заболяването; (2) Онлайн анкетно проучване сред 138 отзовали се студенти, от втори и трети курс от немедицински специалности от най-масовите професионални направления „Икономика“ и „Администрация и управление“ от 3 университета в София. Анкетата е проведена в периода 15.01.2022 – 15.02.2022 г.
Резултати: Изследването систематизира актуални научни резултати за нарастване на честотата, разпространението и тежестта от инсулта в дългосрочен план. Картината на заболяването у нас и прогнозите през следващата декада показват, че за страната ни инсултът е основен проблем на общественото здравеопазване. Данните за света показват, че заболяването се превръща в съвременна хуманитарна катастрофа, която изисква бързи, решителни и координирани мерки в световен и национален план. Справянето с тази катастрофа изисква промени в здравните политики по целия път на инсулта, с приоритет на осведомеността и превенцията на популационно равнище. Контрол върху рисковите фактори може да бъде постигнат при цялостно преосмисляне и преструктуриране на здравните приоритети.
Ключови думи: мозъчен инсулт, разпространение на инсулта, тежест на инсулта, здравна политика, превенция на инсулта, БЪРЗО тест.
Abstract
Objectives: This study summarizes and analyses the latest data on the status, magnitude and trends of the disease at global, European and national levels as a basis for effective health policies. On this basis, it argues for the importance of primary stroke prevention and awareness at all stages of disease development. More specifically, characteristics of young people's awareness (in the target group of non-medical students) are derived, with the hypothesis that there is poor knowledge of risk factors and signs for stroke, which young people acquire in a casual way.
Methods: Two sets of methods were used to achieve the above objectives: (1) Documentary research and analytical review of recent review publications and data outlining long-term trends in the prevalence and severity of the disease; (2) Online survey of 138 responding second and third year students from non-medical majors in the most mainstream professional fields of Economics and Administration and Management from 3 universities in Sofia. The survey was conducted in the period 15.01.2022 - 15.02.2022.
Results: The study systematizes current scientific results on the increase in incidence, prevalence and burden of stroke in the long term. The picture of the disease in our country and projections over the next decade show that stroke is a major public health problem for our country. Worldwide data show that the disease is becoming a modern humanitarian catastrophe that requires rapid, decisive and coordinated global and national action. Tackling this catastrophe requires changes in health policies across the stroke pathway, with awareness and prevention prioritized at a population level. Control of risk factors can be achieved with a comprehensive rethinking and restructuring of health priorities.
Key words: stroke; stroke prevalence; stroke burden; health policy; stroke prevention; FAST test.
Full Text: PDF
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